Lithium battery ni gaw tsaban 20 hta awng dang ai hku galaw shapraw lu ai tsaw ai-hkawm battery amyu nnan langai mi rai nga ai. Dai ni hpe lithium n-gun rawng ai battery ni ( metallic Lithium, lithium ions, lithium ions ni lawm ai) ni lawm ai hku chye na la mai ai. Dai ni hpe lithium metal battery ni (n law htum galaw shapraw nna jai lang ai) hte lithium ion battery ni (ya gaw law law lang lang ai) hku garan mai ai. Shi a akyu ni rai nga ai, n-gun kaba ai, battery n-gun kaba ai, bungli galaw ai nbung katsi ai shara kaba, galu kaba ai shara ni zawn re ai ni a majaw, shanhte hpe hpyen masa hte mung shawa wan jak kaji ni hta grai lang wa sai, dai ni gaw, mobile phone, htaw mai ai computer, camcorder, camera, etc., htunghking battery ni hpe daw mi galai kau ai.
Lithium-ion battery ni hpe npawt nhpang hte gyin shalat ai
- 1970 ning daram hta, MS Whittingham of Exxon gaw titanium sulfide hpe kaja ai electrode arung arai hku nna lang nna, n kaja ai electrode arung arai hku nna, shawng nnan na lithium battery hpe galaw ai.
- 1980 ning hta, J. Goodenough gaw lithium cobalt oxide hpe lithium-ion battery ni a kaja ai electrode arung arai hku nna jai lang mai ai hpe mu tam wa ai.
- 1982 ning hta, Illinois Institute of Technology kaw na RRAgarwal hte JRSelman yan gaw, lithium ions ni gaw graphite hta rawng nga ai atsam nga ai hpe mu tam wa ai, ndai lam gaw lawan ai hte bai nhtang wa mai ai. Dai aten hta, metallic lithium hte galaw da ai lithium battery ni a shimlam hkrit tsang hpa ni gaw grai myit lawm wa ai majaw, masha ni gaw graphite hta rawng ai lithium ions ni a atsam ni hpe jai lang nna, bai gram lajang mai ai battery ni hpe galaw ma ai. Shawng ningnan lang lang mai ai lithium-ion graphite electrode hpe Bell Laboratories ni kaw nna shapraw ai-} hpe awng dang ai hku tara jeyang ai.
- 1983 ning hta, M.Thackeray, J.Goodenough hte kaga ni gaw, manganeese spelel gaw manu n law ai, ngang grin ai hte kaja dik htum wan hte lithium hpe n-gun jaw ai lam ni nga ai kaja dik htum kaja ai electrode arung arai langai re ai hpe mu tam wa ai. Shi a n-gun grai ja ai nbung katsi ai lam nga ai rai nna, shi a oxidizability gaw lithium cobalt oxide hta grau n law ai. short circuit (sh) overcharge byin wa yang pyi, wan hkru ai lam hte bawm kapaw na hkrit tsang hpa hpe koi lu ai.
- 1989 ning hta, A.Manthiram hte J.Goodenough yan gaw, polymerized anions ni hpe lang nna, kaja ai electrode gaw, grau tsaw ai voltage hpe shapraw ya na hpe mu tam wa ma ai.
- 1991 ning hta Sony gaw shawng ningnan lang na hpaga lam lithium-ion battery hpe shapraw ai. Dai hpang, lithium-ion battery ni gaw, jai lang ai electronic ni a hkrang hpe galai shai kau ya ai.
- 1996 ning hta, Padhi hte Goodenough yan gaw, n-gup n-gu n-gun rawng ai n-gup n-gu n-gun rawng ai olivine structure (LiFePO4) zawn re ai n-gup n-gu n-gun rawng ai phosphate ni gaw, htunghking kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hta grau ai, dai majaw, ya aten na mainstream positive electrode arung arai ni tai wa sai hpe mu lu ma ai.
Lithium-ion battery ni (Li-ion battery ni hpe lithium battery ni kaw na galaw shapraw ai. Dai majaw Li{3}}ion hpe garai n shapraw shi yang, lithium battery ni hpe shawng nnan shapraw ga. Ga shadawn, button battery ni gaw lithium battery ni hta lawm ai. Lithium battery ni a kaja ai electrode arung arai gaw manganese dioxide (sh) thionyl chloride rai nna, n kaja ai electrode gaw lithium rai nga ai. Battery hpe shinggyin ngut ai hpang, battery gaw voltage nga ai majaw charge n ra ai. Ndai zawn re ai battery hpe mung charge galaw mai ai, raitim cycle galaw ai lam gaw n kaja ai. Charge hte discharge cycle aten hta, lithium dendrites ni hpe loi loi hte galaw lu ai majaw, battery kata kaw na kata na short circuit ni byin pru wa ai majaw, shingra tara masa hta, ndai zawn re ai battery hpe charge n galaw na matu pat hkum da ai.
Hpang e, Japan mungdan na Sony Corporation gaw, n kaja ai electrode hte lithium-} n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe, n-gun rawng ai electrode hku nna, n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe n-gun jaw ai. Dai charge hte pru wa ai aten hta, metallic lithium n nga ai, lithium ions sha nga ai. Ndai gaw lithium-ion battery re.
1990 ning a shawng daw de, Canada mungdan na Sony Energy rawt jat galu kaba wa ai Company hte Canada mungdan na Moli Energy Company gaw, bungli galaw ai lam kaja ai sha n-ga, grup yin hpe mung n-gun n jaw ai, lithium-ion battery amyu nnan hpe langai hte langai awng dang hkra galaw wa sai. Shiga hpaji masa, lata hte lang ai jak ni hte wan jak mawdaw ni hpe lawan ladan galaw shapraw ai majaw, n-gun kaba ai{3}}efficiency hpe ra sharawng ai lam gaw grai law wa sai, lithium battery ni gaw lawan dik htum-}}} a lawan dik htum ai shara langai mi tai wa sai.
Lithium-ion battery ni a hkrang hte npawt tara
(1) Lithium-ion battery ni a madung daw ni:
① Kaja ai electrode - shamu shamawt ai arung arai ni gaw madung hku nna lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel oxide, nickel cobalt manganese oxide, etc.
. Ya aten hta, madung hku nna amyu lahkawng nga ai: PE hte PP hte shanhte a hpawng de ai lam ni. Dai hta n-ga, n-gun n rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe;
③ Negative electrode - gaw, graphite hte bung ai hkrang hte graphite, lithium titanate, shing nrai, carbon arung arai ni hpe madung tawn nna tsun mayu ai. Conductive current collector gaw, 7-15 micron galu ai magri mang foil hpe lang ai;
④ Electrolyte - gaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai jak rai ni hpe n-gun jaw ai.
⑤ Battery shell - gaw madung hku nna n-gun ja ai n-gup magap (steel shell, aluminum shell, nickel-p hte n-gun ja ai magri n-gup magap ni) hte n-gun n-gun n-gun (alumminum plastic film) hku garan nna, n-gun ja ai n-gup magap ni hpe garan nna, n-gun ja ai n-gup magap ni hpe garan ai.
Battery hpe charge galaw ai shaloi, lithium ions ni hpe positive electrode kaw na deintercaled galaw nna, negative electrode hta bang da ai, n-gup n-gu n-gun yawm ai aten hta vice versa. Ndai lam gaw, n-gun n rawng shi yang, lithium- n-gun rawng ai masa hta nga na matu electrode langai mi ra ai. Madung hku nna, lithium- n-gun rawng ai metal oxides ni hpe 3V hta jan ai n-gun hte nbung hta ngang grin ai oxides ni hpe LiCoO2, LiNiO2, hte LiMn2O4 zawn re ai kaja ai electrode ni hku nna lata la ai.
N kaja ai electrode arung arai ni hku nna, lithium-embdable compounds ni hpe lithium atsam hte ni htep ai hku mai byin ai daram ni htep ai hku lata la ai, ga shadawn, shingra tara graphite, synthetic graphite, carbon fiber, mesophase spherulite, etc. ni lawm ai carbon arung arai amyu myu zawn re ai ni hpe lata la ai. y{5}~0.4, z{7}({8}}x{9}y)/2, etc.
Ndai electrolyte gaw LiPF6 a ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) hte n law ai-viscosity lu sha (DEC) zawn re ai n-gun n rawng ai hka n-gun rawng ai hka n-gun hpe hkap la ai.
Dai diaphragm gaw PE, PP (sh) shanhte a composite membrane ni zawn re ai polyolefin microporous membrane ni hpe hkap la ai, grau nna PP/PE/PP masum{0}}layer diaphragm hpe hkap la ai, dai gaw n-gun n law ai sha n-ga, thermal insurance a lit hpe mung gun hpai nga ai, puncture ninghkap n-gun kaba mung nga ai.
Dai shell hpe steel (sh) aluminum hte galaw da nna, cover assembly gaw bawm kapaw ai a bungli hpe hkam la lu ai-off a bungli nga ai.
(2) Madung bungli galaw ai lam
Battery hpe charge galaw ai shaloi, lithium ions ni hpe positive electrode hta lithium-} n-gun rawng ai n-gun kaw na pru wa nna, lithium ions ni gaw electrolyte hku nna n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai electrode de htawt sit mat wa ai. Negative electrode kaw na carbon n-gun gaw, micropore law law lawm ai layered structure nga ai. N kaja ai electrode de du ai lithium ions ni gaw carbon layer a micropores ni hta rawng nga ai. Lithium ions ni grau law wa yang, charge galaw lu ai atsam grau law wa ai.
Battery hpe garan ai shaloi (dai gaw battery hpe lang ai ladat), negative electrode a carbon layer hta rawng ai lithium ions ni hpe shapraw nna, kaja ai electrode de bai htawt sit mat wa ai. Positive electrode de bai nhtang wa ai lithium ions ni law wa yang, n-gun yawm wa ai. Anhte tsun ai gaw battery n-gun hpe tsun ai gaw, n-gun dat n-gun hpe tsun mayu ai.
Lithium-ion battery ni a charge hte discharge galaw ai aten hta, lithium ions ni gaw kaja ai electrode → n kaja ai electrode → positive electrode kaw na shamu shamawt ai masa hta nga ai. Ndai gaw, n-gun ja ai tingnyang langai zawn rai nna, n-gun rawng ai tingnyang a npawt lahkawng gaw, battery a npawt nhpang lahkawng rai nna, lithium ions ni gaw, shinggrup nga ai tingnyang a lahkawng maga de, nhtang nhtang hkawm sa wa ai. Dai majaw, lithium-ion ngu ai battery ni hpe rocking chair battery ni ngu nna mung shamying ma ai.
Charging hte ischarging ladat
- Lithium-ion battery ni a charge galaw ai lam hpe lahkam lahkawng hku garan nna galaw ai: ya aten na charge stage hte voltage n-gun yawm wa ai charging stage.
- Lithium-ion battery ni hpe grai law hkra hkan shachyut nna, n-gun dat ai gaw, kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode ni hpe prat tup hkra machyi shangun na re. Overdischarge galaw ai majaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai majaw, n-gup n-gu n-gun yawm mat ai majaw, n-gup n-gu ion ni hpe charge galaw ai shaloi, n-gup n-gu ions ni hpe n-mai bang ai; overcharge galaw ai majaw, n kaja ai electrode a carbon structure hta lithium ion law law hpe bang da ai majaw, lithium ions nkau mi hpe n shapraw mat sai.
- Lithium{-ion battery ni a matu kaja dik htum charge hte discharging ladat gaw, bungli galaw ai lam hpe n-gun n rawng hkra galaw ai lam rai nga ai. Madung hku nna, 60% DOD gaw 100% DOD masa npu hta 2 kaw nna 4 lang 4 lang rai nga ai.
Lithium-ion battery ni a madung bungli galaw ai lam hpe madun ai
(1) Battery atsam
Battery langai a atsam hpe masat da ai atsam hte tengman ai atsam ngu nna garan mai ai. Battery langai a rated capacity ngu ai gaw, 20℃±5℃npu na 5h daram n-gun n-gun hte htum mat ai voltage de n-gun dat dat ai shaloi, battery jaw ra ai wan n-gun hpe tsun mayu ai, C5 hku nna madun da ai. Battery langai a tengman ai atsam gaw, n-gun dat dat ai masa nkau mi a npu e, battery kaw na pru wa ai wan n-gun a tengman ai n-gun hpe tsun mayu ai, dai gaw madung hku nna, n-gun dat dat ai lam hte nbung laru a majaw hkra machyi ai lam (dai majaw, battery atsam gaw charge galaw ai lam hte hka lim ai masa ni hpe madun dan ra ai).
Cacacity unit: mAh, Ah (1Ah=1000mAh).
(2) Battery kata na ninghkap ai lam
Battery kata na ninghkap ai lam ngu ai gaw, battery bungli galaw nga ai shaloi, battery hku lwi ai current hte hkrum katut ai ninghkap ai lam hpe tsun mayu ai. Dai hta, ohmic kata na ninghkap ai lam hte polarization kata na n-gun hpe ninghkap ai lam lahkawng lawm ai. Battery kaba ai gaw, n-gun n law ai voltage hte n-gun yawm ai aten hpe n-gun yawm shangun na re. Dai kata na n-gun atsam a galu kaba ai lam hpe madung hku nna battery arung arai, galaw shapraw ai lam, battery structure zawn re ai lam ni a majaw hkra machyi ai. Battery kata na ninghkap ai lam gaw battery galaw ai lam hpe shadawn na matu ahkyak ai parameter langai rai nga ai.
(3) Voltage
Open circuit voltage ngu ai gaw, battery n bungli galaw ai shaloi, battery a positive hte negative electrode ni a lapran byin mai ai shai hkat ai lam hpe tsun mayu ai, ngu ai gaw, circuit kata hta n-gun n nga ai aten hta. Madung hku nna, lithium-ion battery a hpaw da ai circuit voltage gaw, charge hpring hpring ngut ai hpang 4.1-4.2V daram rai nna, 3.0V daram pru wa ai hpang, 3.0V daram hpe shapraw kau ai. Battery a manu jahpu hpe battery a hpaw da ai circuit voltage hpe mu lu ai hku nna dawdan mai ai.
Terminal voltage ngu nna mung shamying ai operating voltage gaw, battery bungli galaw ai masa hta battery nga ai shaloi, battery a kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode ni a lapran byin mai ai shai hkat ai lam hpe tsun mayu ai, ngu ai gaw, circuit hta current lwi nga ai aten hta rai nga ai. Battery gaw discharge bungli galaw ai masa hta nga ai shaloi, battery hku nna hka lwi ai shaloi, battery a kata na n-gun atsam a majaw byin pru wa ai ninghkap ai lam hpe n dang kau ra ai, dai majaw bungli galaw ai voltage gaw hpaw da ai circuit voltage hta galoi mung yawm ai, dai hte nhtan shai ai lam gaw charge galaw ai shaloi teng ai. Lithium{-ion battery ni a bungli galaw ai voltage gaw 3.6V grup yin rai nga ai.
(4) Discharge platform aten
Discharge platform aten gaw battery hpe voltage langai ngai de tup hkrak charge galaw ai aten hpe tsun mayu ai. Ga shadawn, 3.6V kaw na ternary battery a discharge platform aten hpe shadawn ai. Dai voltage hpe 4.2V hku nna n galai shai ai voltage kaw charge galaw da ai, charge current gaw 0.02C hta n law ai, dai hpang charge hpe jahkring kau ai, ngu ai gaw, battery hpe tup hkrak charge galaw ngut ai hpang, dai hpang minit 10 daram ngam da ai. 3.6V de gara de pru wa ai shaloi, hka pru ai aten gaw, dai current kaw na discharge platform aten re.
Hpa majaw nga yang, lithium-ion battery ni hpe lang nna wan jak nkau mi a bungli galaw ai voltage gaw voltage ra ai lam ni nga ai, ra ai manu hta npu taw ai rai yang, bungli n galaw na re. Dai majaw, hka pru ai shara gaw, battery ni a bungli galaw ai lam hpe shadawn na matu ahkyak ai masat masa langai mi rai nga ai.
(5) Charge hte pru wa ai lam
Dai charge hte discharge rate gaw, battery gaw, masat da ai aten ladaw laman hta, shi a ra ai atsam hpe shapraw na matu ra ai ya na manu hpe tsun mayu ai rai nna, dai gaw, battery a masat da ai n-gun hte maren sha rai nna, C hku nna, law malawng hku nna, n-gun jaw ai lam hpe tsun mayu ai. Ga shadawn, battery a n-gun n-gun gaw 10Ah, 10A gaw 1C (1 rate) rai yang, 5A gaw 0.5C, 100A gaw 10C rai nna, dai zawn rai nga ai.
(6) Tinang hkum tinang- n-gun n-gun .
charge hpe n-gun jaw ai atsam ngu nna mung shamying ai self{0}} n-gun shayawm ai lam gaw, battery hpe hpaw da ai circuit mungdaw hta nga ai shaloi, battery hta bang da ai wan n-gun hpe masa nkau mi hta tawn da lu ai atsam hpe tsun mayu ai. Madung gaw, battery a galaw shapraw ai ladat, arung arai ni, shingbyi shara ni zawn re ai lam ni a majaw hkra machyi shangun ai. Battery hpe shadawn na matu ahkyak ai parameter langai mi re.
(7) Kaja ai lam
Charging efficiency ngu ai gaw, charge galaw ai aten hta battery lang ai wan n-gun hpe battery hpe gara hku galai shai kau ai hpe shadawn ai hpe tsun mayu ai. Madung gaw battery galaw ai lam, formula, bungli galaw ai makau grup yin a katsi ai lam ni a majaw hkra machyi ai. Madung hku nna, grup yin na nbung katsi ai lam grau law wa yang, charge galaw ai atsam yawm wa ai.
Discharge efficiency ngu ai gaw, n-gun dat a n-gun a tengman ai n-gun hpe, hka pru ai masa nkau mi a npu na terminal voltage hte battery a masat da ai atsam hte shingdaw ai lam hpe tsun mayu ai. Madung hku nna gaw, hka pru ai lam, grup yin nbung laru, kata na n-gun ni zawn re ai lam ni a majaw hkra machyi shangun ai. Madung hku tsun ga nga yang, hka pru ai lam grau law wa yang, n-gun yawm wa ai. Katsi ai lam yawm wa yang, n-gun yawm wa ai.
(8) Cycle prat
Battery cycle prat ngu ai gaw, battery langai ngai a npu e, battery hte n-gun dat ai aten hpe, masat da ai manu langai ngai de hkrat sum mat ai shaloi, charge hte n-gun yawm ai aten hpe tsun mayu ai. Lithium-ion battery ni a matu GB gaw 1C hta cycle 500 ngut ai hpang battery langai a capacity n-gun hpe 60% jan ai ngu tsun da ai.
Lithium-ion battery ni hpe madung tawn ai
† Lithium battery ni hta lang ai electrolyte arung arai amyu myu hku nna, lithium battery ni hpe lahkawng hku garan mai ai: ntsin lithium battery (lithium ion battery ni, LIB ngu nna tsun ai) hte polymer lithium battery ni (polymer lithium ion battery ni hpe LIP ngu nna tsun ai).
② charge galaw ai ladat hku yu yang, non{0}} hpe bai gram lajang mai ai hte bai gram lajang mai ai ngu ai lahkawng hku garan mai ai.
③ Lithium battery hkrang: square lithium battery (masha law law lang ai mobile phone battery ni) hte cylindrical (18650, 18500 zawn re ai);
Lithium battery hpe shinggyin ai arung arai ni: aluminum n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun, n-gang n-gang n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun;
⑤ Lithium battery hpe kaja ai hte n kaja ai electrode arung arai ni (additives) kaw na: lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) battery, lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium iron phosphate battery, lang sha mai lang mai ai dioxide lithium battery hpe garan kachyan ai.
