Smartphone prat a npawt nhpang hta hpaji hparat langai hpe gyin shalat ai sawk sagawn ai marai masum – hte dai kaw na pru wa ai shinggyim wuhpawng galai shai lam – gaw 2019 ning hta Chemistry mare na Nobel kumhpa hpe lu la sai. John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham hte Akira Yoshino yan gaw lithium-ion battery ni hta ahkyak ai rawt jat lam ni hpe galaw ya ai, dai battery ni gaw battery cell kaji ni hta n-gun law law hpe shinggyin tawn da nna, lawan ai hte n-gun n-gun hpe lawan ai hte n-gun n-ja ai hku bai charge galaw lu ai.
1991 ning hta Sony hku nna shawng nnan dut shabra ai, ndai zawn re ai battery ni gaw, htaw mai ai consumer electronics ni hta grau nna kaja ai. Shanhte gaw kaga hpaji masa rawt malan ai lam lahkawng a madung hta shinggyim wuhpawng hpe galai shai ya lu ai: kata na wan hkru ai jak ni kaw nna wan jak mawdaw ni de galai shai wa ai lam, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun hte wan n-gun jaw ai wan n-gun kaw nna, htawm hpang lang na matu battery ni hta surplus wan n-gun hpe shinggyin tawn da ai n-gun dat ni hpe bai gram lajang mai ai n-gun dat ni de galai shai wa ai lam ni rai nga ai.
Dai majaw ndai battery ni gara hku galaw ai kun? Hpaji ninghkring ni hte engineer ni gaw, grau kaja ai battery ni hpe gawgap na matu shakut nna, prat tup jai lang wa sai rai nna, anhte atsawm n chye na ai maumwi ni naw nga ai. Battery ni hpe gram lajang na matu, chemist ni hte physicist ni hpe atomic madang hta galai shai ai lam ni hpe yu ra ai, dai hta n-ga, n-gun n rawng ai jak ni hpe lang ai battery pack ni hpe hkrang shapraw nna shinggyin la lu ai jak hte wan jak hpaji ninghkring ni hpe mung yu ra ai. Washington Dakkasu hte Pacific Dingdung Dingda Mungdan Lab kaw na arung arai hpaji ninghkring langai hku nna, nye a bungli gaw lithium-a a battery ni a matu arung arai nnan ni, magnesium battery ni hte teng sha lithium-ion battery ni a matu arung arai nnan ni hpe tam sawk sagawn ya lu sai.
Electron lahkawng a prat hta lani mi hpe myit yu ga. Anhte gaw shanhte kaw na langai hpe mying jaw na re, shi gaw George ngu ai manang langai mi nga ai.
Battery ana zinli
Alex gaw na a flashlight (sh) tsan ai shara kaw na zawn, standard alkaline AA battery kata kaw nga ai. AA battery kata kaw, zinc hte hpring ai shara langai mi nga ai, kaga langai gaw manganese oxide hte hpring ai. Langai maga de, zinc sha .n-gun kya ai hku electron ni a ntsa e noi da aiAlex zawn. Maga mi de, manganese oxide .n-gun ja ai hku gang je kau aielectron ni shi hpang de sa wa ai. Dai lapran hta, electron ni hpe maga mi kaw nna maga mi de hkrak n sa ai sha, potassium hte hka hta lup da ai laika langai mi nga ai, dai gaw potassium ions ni hte n kaja ai hydroxide ions ni hku nna rau nga nga ai.
Battery hpe device langai mi hta bang nna, galai kau ai shaloi, device kata na circuit hpe ngut kre hkra galaw ngut sai. Alex gaw zinc kaw na, circuit hku nna manganese oxide de shang wa ai. Lam kaw, shi a shamu shamawt ai lam gaw, dai jak, shing nrai, n-gun n rawng ai nhtoi (sh) battery hte matut da ai hpa baw hpe mung n-gun jaw ya ai. Alex pru mat wa ai shaloi, shi bai n wa lu ai: Hydxide hte electron matut mahkai lam hpe sum mat ai zinc gaw zinc oxide byin pru wa ai. Ndai compound gaw grai ngang grin ai majaw zinc de loi loi hte n mai galai shai ai.
Battery maga mi de, manganese oxide gaw hka kaw na oxygen atom langai mi hpe lu la nna, hydroxide ions ni hpe shingdu tawn da nna, zinc ni sha ai hydroxide hpe rap ra hkra galaw ya ai. Alex a htingbu ni yawng gaw zinc hpe kau da nna, manganese oxide de htawt sit wa ai shaloi, .battery htum mat aihte bai jai lang ra ai.
Lithium-ion a akyu nga ai
Ndai lam hpe, lithium-ion battery hta nga ai George hte shingdaw yu ga. Lithium-ion battery ni gaw alkaline AA cell ni hte maren madung gawgap ai arung arai ni nga ai, akyu kaba ni hpe jaw ya ai shai hkat ai lam nkau mi nga ai.
George gaw graphite kaw nga ai, dai gaw zinc hta electron ni hpe jum da ai hta grau n-gun kya ai. Bai nna, shi a battery a kaga daw langai mi gaw, manganese oxide hta grau n-gun ja ai electron ni hpe grau n-gun ja ai hku gang je kau ya ai lithium cobalt oxide rai nga ai – shi a battery hpe alkaline battery hta grau nna shara langai hta sha, n-gun grau law hkra shinggyin la lu ai atsam hpe jaw ya ai. graphite hte lithium cobalt oxide hpe garan ginhka ai ntsin hta, n-gun rawng ai lithium ions ni lawm ai majaw, battery hpe n-gun dat nna, bai charge galaw ai shaloi, chemical bonds ni hpe loi loi hte hpaw nna, daw kau ya ai.
